Non-Water-Hardenable Steels
C45E – 1.1191 / 1045 / Ck45 / S45C / XC45 / 080M46 / CFS8 / C45K / 45H / 1672 / C45E4
C45E – 1.1191 steel grade is one of the most widely used medium-carbon structural steels, known for its reliability in engineering applications. Although it is designated differently across various countries and standards, its fundamental properties remain largely consistent. For example, it is known as C45E – 1.1191 in Europe, AISI 1045 in the United States, Ck45 in Germany, S45C in Japan, XC45 in France, and 080M46 in the United Kingdom. This wide range of equivalent designations reflects its extensive global usage in manufacturing and engineering industries.
C45E steel typically contains approximately 0.42% – 0.50% carbon. This carbon content provides the material with high strength and hardness, while still maintaining an acceptable level of machinability. Compared to low-carbon steels, it offers significantly higher durability, making it suitable for applications involving high mechanical stress.
One of the key advantages of C45E steel is its excellent response to heat treatment processes. Through hardening and tempering, the mechanical properties of the material can be significantly enhanced, resulting in improved hardness, strength, and wear resistance. In addition, induction surface hardening can be applied to selectively harden the surface while maintaining a tough and ductile core.
C45E steel is extensively used in machine manufacturing and the automotive industry. It is commonly preferred for the production of load-bearing components such as shafts, axles, and gears. Its combination of strength, machinability, and cost-effectiveness makes it indispensable for both small-scale production and mass manufacturing.
Overall, C45E – 1.1191 steel offers a well-balanced combination of strength, hardness, and machinability. These characteristics have made it one of the most commonly used structural steels in modern industry.
Main Application Areas
- Production of shafts, axles, and spindles
- Gears, pinions, and transmission components
- High-strength mechanical parts used in machinery manufacturing
- Mechanical and structural components in the automotive industry
- Bolts, pins, and fastening elements
- Components suitable for induction surface hardening
- Medium and high load-bearing structural elements
- Durable parts used in agricultural machinery
- Pressed and machined metal components
Thanks to these properties, C45E – 1.1191 and equivalent steel grades are widely used as core engineering materials in industrial applications requiring high performance and reliability.
General Identity
C45E – 1.1191
| Grade | C45E |
| Number | 1.1191 |
| Sınıfı | Non-alloy quality special steel |
Equivalent Grades
C45E – 1.1191
| USA | 1045 |
| Germany, DIN | Ck45 |
| Japan, Jis | S45C |
| France, AFNOR | XC45 XC48H1 |
| England, BS | 080M36 CFS8 |
| Italy, UNI | C45 |
| Spain, UNE | C45k F1140 |
| China, GB | 45 |
| Sweden, SS | 1672 |
| Finland, SFS | C45 |
| Russia, Gost | 45 |
| Inter, ISO | C45E4 |
Standards
C45E – 1.1191
| Standard 1 | EN 10277-5: 2008 |
| Standard 2 | EN 10083-2: 2006 |
| Standard 3 | EN 10132-3: 2000 |
| Standard 4 | EN 10305-1: 2010 |
| Standard 5 | EN 10269: 1999 |
| Standard 6 | EN 10250-2: 2000 |
| Standard 7 | EN 10297-1: 2003 |
Chemical Composition
C45E – 1.1191
| C | 0.42 – 0.50 |
| Si | max 0.40 |
| Mn | 0.50 – 0.80 |
| Ni | max 0.40 |
| P | max 0.030 |
| S | max 0.035 |
| Cr | max 0.40 |
| Mo | max 0.10 |
Mechanical Properties
C45E – 1.1191
| Nominal thickness (mm) | to 16 | 16 – 100 | 100 – 250 | 250 – 500 | 500 – 1000 |
| Rm – Tensile strength (MPa) (+N) | 620 | 580 | 560 | 540 | 530 |
| Nominal thickness (mm) | 0.3 – 3 |
| Rm – Tensile strength (MPa) (+A) | 570 |
| Nominal thickness (mm) | 0.3 – 3 |
| Rm – Tensile strength (MPa) (+CR) | 1020 |
| Nominal thickness (mm) | 5 – 10 | 10 – 16 | 16 – 40 | 40 – 63 | 63 – 100 |
| Rm – Tensile strength (MPa) (+C) | 750 – 1050 | 710 – 1030 | 650 – 1000 | 630 – 900 | 580 – 850 |
| Nominal thickness (mm) | to 8 | 8 – 20 | 20 – 50 | 50 – 80 |
| Rm – Tensile strength (MPa) (+QT) | 700 | 650 | 630 | 600 |
| Nominal thickness (mm) | to 8 | 8 – 20 | 20 – 50 | 50 – 80 |
| ReH – Minimum yield strength (MPa) (+QT) | 490 | 430 | 370 | 340 |
C45E – 1.1191
| Nominal thickness (mm) | to 16 | 16 – 100 | 100 – 250 | 250 – 500 | 500 – 1000 |
Re – Upper yield strength or
Rp0.2 – 0.2% proof strength (MPa) (+N) | 340 | 305 | 275 | 240 | 230 |
| Nominal thickness (mm) | 0.3 – 3 |
| Rp0.2 0.2% proof strength (MPa) (+A) | 455 |
| Nominal thickness (mm) | 5 – 10 | 10 – 16 | 16 – 40 | 40 – 63 | 63 – 100 |
| Rp0.2 0.2% proof strength (MPa) (+C) | 565 | 500 | 410 | 360 | 310 |
C45E – 1.1191
| KV Impact energy (J) transverse (+QT) | +20° – 14 |
| KV Impact energy (J) transverse (+QT) | +20° – 25-50 |
C45E – 1.1191
| Nominal thickness (mm) | 0.3 – 3 |
| A – Min. elongation Lo=80mm (%) (+A) | 18 |
| Nominal thickness (mm): | 5 – 10 | 10 – 16 | 16 – 40 | 40 – 63 | 63 – 100 |
| A – Min. elongation at fracture (%) (+C) | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
| Nominal thickness (mm): | to 8 | 8 – 20 | 20 – 50 | 50 – 80 |
| A – Min. elongation at fracture (%) (+QT) | 14 | 16 | 17 | 17 |
C45E – 1.1191
| Nominal thickness (mm) | to 16 | 16 – 100 | 100 – 250 |
| A – Min. elongation Lo = 5,65 √ So (%) (+N) | 14 | 16 | 16 |
C45E – 1.1191
| Z – Reduction in cross section on fracture (%) (+QT) | 40 |
| Birinel hardness (HBW) (+S): | 255 |
| Birinel hardness (HBW) (+A): | 207 |
| Birinel hardness (HBW) (+SH): | 172 – 242 |
| Vickers hardness (HV) (+CR) | 290 |
| Vickers hardness (HV) (+A) | 180 |
